This article argues that many persistent policing challenges are driven less by formal rules than by informal social networks among officers. Using network science, departments can map hidden relationships within their workforce to identify …
**Purpose**: There has been growing interest from legislators and civil rights groups to identify subgroups within law enforcement agencies. Yet, few studies have examined the attributes and behaviors of officers recruited to join. This study adopts …
**Objectives**: The importance of peer relations is rooted in decades of policing research; however, scholars have largely overlooked the role of peers in officers’ use-of-force behaviors. The current study investigates the “connected” nature of …
Would police racial and gender diversification reduce Black Americans' fear of the police? The theory of representative bureaucracy indicates that it might. We tested the effects of officer diversity in two experiments embedded in a national survey …
Many U.S. cities witnessed both de-policing and increased crime in 2020, yet it remains unclear whether the former contributed to the latter. Indeed, much of what is known about the effects of proactive policing on crime comes from studies that …
**Objectives:** We reconstruct the networks of officers co-involved in force incidents to test whether interactions with weapon-prone peers impact firearm use. **Methods**: We draw from a statewide dataset of force incidents across law enforcement …